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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00379_Text_rem05t.txt
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1997-02-04
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Spot B (right), moving in a
circular path, is peceived
veridically when spot A (left) is
not visible. When spot A is
visible, spot B appears to move
back and forth horizontally
while both spots as a group
appear to move vertically.
Johansson has shown that
this kind of perception can
occur even when no visible
structure serves as a frame of
reference. As shown at left, one
spot, A, moves up and down.
Another spot, B, moves along
the path of a circle. However,
BΓÇÖs motion is linked to AΓÇÖs
vertical motion so that B
arrives at the top and bottom of
its circular path when A arrives
at the top and bottom of its
path. If A is not visible, B
appears veridically to move
around a circular path. But
when A is visible, B is not
perceived to move in a circle.
Rather, it appears to move back
and forth horizontally,
approaching and receding from
A. In addition, both A and B
appear to move up and down
together.
There is some disagreement
over how to explain this effect.
One explanation is that BΓÇÖs
motion is purely horizontal
relative to AΓÇÖs, and that such
relative change is salient in
our perceptual experience.
Therefore, we perceive this
change. But, in addition, both
spots are going up and down
together, and we perceive this
fact secondarily. An alternative
explanation evokes the
principle of grouping by
"common fate," discussed in
Chapter 5: When objects move
together in the same direction
and at the same speed, we tend
to perceive them as belonging
together. The spots in our
example are moving together in
the vertical direction. Once we
see both spots as a group, this
structure becomes a frame of
reference with respect to
which the horizontal
component of BΓÇÖs motion is
noted. In both explanations,
however, the net result is that
the circular motion of B is
divided into two vectors of
perceptual motion.